Influenza A/H1N1
| Morphology | Member of Family Orthomyxoviridae. Negative sense single-stranded RNA virus. Reassortment of strains of influenza A/H1N1 of avian, porcine and human origin. Virus capsid is enveloped. Virions are spherical to pleomorphic. |
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| Disease |
Flu, upper respiratory tract infection. Influenza can occur in pandemics and epidemics, localized outbreaks, and as sporadic cases. In temperate climates, epidemics of influenza typically occur during the late fall and winter seasons, whereas in tropical and subtropical regions influenza epidemics occur throughout the year. Historical evidence suggests that more severe, worldwide pandemics have occurred at 10 to 40 year intervals since the 16th century. |
| Zoonosis | Yes, from swine to humans. |
| Host Range |
Humans, birds and other mammals (vertebrates).
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| Modes of Transmission | Droplet infection, fomites, saliva, nasal secretions, feces, aerosol and blood. |
| Signs and Symptoms | Fever, runny nose, sore throat, diarrhea, coughing, vomiting, nausea, lethargy, myalgia, anorexia and dyspnea. |
| Infectious Dose | unknown |
| Incubation Period | Estimated incubation period is unknown and could range from 1-7 days. |
| Prophylaxis | Antiviral chemoprohylaxis with antiviral drugs. |
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| Vaccines | Seasonal vaccine available. |
| Treatment | Oseltamivir, Zanamivir for seven days after exposure. |
| Surveillance | Daily temperature recording. |
| MSU Requirements | Report any exposures. |
| Laboratory Acquired Infections (LAIs) | None reported to date. |
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| Sources | Cultures, frozen stocks, other samples described in IBC protocol. |
| Canadian MSDS: | http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/lab-bio/res/psds-ftss/index-eng.php |
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| BMBL | https://www.cdc.gov/labs/bmbl/?CDC_AAref_Val=https://www.cdc.gov/labs/BMBL.html |
| CDC | https://www.cdc.gov/flu/ |
| NIH Guidelines | https://osp.od.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/NIH_Guidelines.pdf |
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Risk Group 2
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Agents that are associated with human disease which is rarely serious and for which preventive or therapeutic interventions are often available. |
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BSL2
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For all procedures involving suspected or known infectious specimen or cultures.
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ABSL2
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For all procedures utilizing infected animals.
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Small
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Notify others working in the lab. Remove PPE and don new PPE. Cover area of the spill
with absorbent material and add fresh 1:10 bleach:water. Allow 20 munutes (or as directed)
of contact time. After 20 minutes, cleanup and dispose of materials.
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Large
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Mucous membrane
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Flush eyes, mouth, or nose for 5 minutes at eyewash station.
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Other Exposures
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Wash area with soap and water for 5 minutes.
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| Reporting |
Immediately report incident to supervisor, complete a First Report of Injury form, and submit to Safety and Risk Management.
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Medical Follow-up
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During business hours: Bridger Occupational Health 3406 Laramie Drive. Weekdays 8am -6pm. Weekends 9am-5pm
After business hours: Bozeman Deaconess Hospital Emergency Room 915 Highland Blvd Bozeman, MT |
| Disinfection | Susceptible to 1:10 bleach:water, 70 % ethanol and 5% Lysol |
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| Inactivation | Influenza A is sensitive to treatment with heat, lipid solvents, non-ionic detergents, formaldehyde, oxidizing agents. The infectivity is reduced after exposure to irradiation. |
| Survival Outside Host |
Influenza viruses can remain infectious for about one week at human body temperature,
over 30 days at 0° C, and indefinitely at very low temperatures
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Minimum PPE Requirements
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Lab coat, disposable gloves, safety glasses, closed toed shoes, long pants
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Additional Precautions
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Additioanl PPE may be required depending on lab specific SOPs and IBC Protocol.
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